Germain By Raul Bautista, professor.
Information style must meet the following conditions: Conciseness, clarity, objectivity, accuracy, attention-grabbing construction, variety, rhythm, originality, simplicity and correctness and propriety. How this is achieved, easily.
All these proposals we made above are achieved in this way:
1 - The golden rule in writing in English: Active + subject + predicate their objects and modifiers
Circumstantial. Example: communication students wrote a book for the UNASAM in Huaraz.
2 - The use of active voice over passive.
3 - An idea sentences, not paragraphs that might confuse, maintains a clean and clear.
4 - The gerund, last attended and the infinitive is the headache of news editors. We must deepen its uses in the English language.
5 - informational paragraphs, usually, should be short: 20 to 35 words.
6 - verbs, in addition to being in active form, is recommended (their time) to be used as close to the date of event.
7 - syntax in your area, the wording used in a measured way information punctuation: commas, quotation marks, colons, periods, semicolons, etc.
8 - sayings, phrases drawer premises, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions parasitic tarnish to writing informative.
9 - broad verbs must be left aside: be, be, do, have, take out, take place.
10 - seems incredible, but the journalists did not know how to use dictionaries. Each word has its meaning, is just look for that best represents our idea. Bad examples: Campus Universitario, treasury, event, implementing, operating, unknown perpetrators broke violently inside a home, it rains in Lima and the interior, a few minutes, they, them, etc..
11 - One of the worst flaws in the wording of the conditional use, would, it would be. Accordance according to the grammar, the past conditional compound reflects a stock which may occur and ultimately not performed. According to reliable sources, the minister would have resigned ...
Note, this is the most accurate definition of news: "The news, to define its meaning more precisely, is the current information of the events of the day put to the public, often very important information for men and women who want well what to think and act. The news is the story timely, concise and accurate an event, not the event itself, "Mitchell V. Charnley, informative book Journalism.
I. History of journalistic genres.
According to data collecting Luisa Santamaría and José Luis Martínez Albertos, in journalism, they begin to talk about gender between 1920 and 1950. All this coincides with the First and Second World Wars.
journalistic genres are different forms of literary creation, intended to be disseminated through any media collective. Since 1945, the journalism has been endowed with a new character: the depth, or call for explanation and interpretation.
ATTITUDES: GENRES:
-Information news, interviews and objective reporting
-Interpretation Chronicle and in-depth reporting.
-Review article (editorial, loose, spine, critique)
II. Information, Interpreting and Understanding and Opinion.
The danger in the credibility of journalism is the confusion between the interpretation, explanation and opinion. The most obvious distinction between news reporter and editorial writer says is that the first and second calls. The media would be to divide the opinions of the information.
The journalism of opinion belong to the subjective world of commentary and interpretation to the story. These are two different attitudes to the news.
In general, one can say that if the reader can not determine from the published text, what is the position of reporter with respect to the subject or the person being treated, the interpretation is correct and well done. If, however, reading the text is clear what the journalist's stance regarding the person or event, we may be a case of subjective opinion and editorializante, masked in the paper as if something interpretive treated, causing confusion and readers.
III. formal category in which we find the interpretation.
The interpretation lies, typically, verbs, adjectives and adverbs. Examples, Alex Grijelmo, the style of the journalist:
The verb: X Minister gave is extended to the problems of NAFTA and ventured that the Next month there will be agreements with the USA. UU.
The adverb: X Minister spoke slowly on problems TLC and, surprisingly, promised for next month an agreement with United. UU.
In the adjectives X Minister delivered a speech over the issue of NAFTA and promised for next month according to EE desired. UU.
IV. The Report.
The report is a way forward print journalism, mainly in the journalism of interpretation. Faced with competition in the audiovisual media and the Internet, capable of rapid and timely information, the report offers get to the bottom of the data.
Report, French voice of English and adapted into English, comes from the Latin verb will report , which means to bring or carry a story, post, referring ... That is, real news, timely, detailed and attractive.
The interpretive report is, paradoxically, one of the most prominent variants of so-called New Journalism (years 70) . Its history goes back in the United States in the Times (1923, more or less).
The interpretive account the following structure: Thesis, views or opinion of value as an opening paragraph of story, logical aggregation of data to support and justify the initial thesis and the conclusion reinforces the approach of the thesis (not an opinion).
Va. Lead: view or editorial thesis.
Front inverted-pyramid diagram proven in strictly informational stories, "the interpretive report starts with an intense intellectual approach.
is not saying this is what happened today, but this one: of the many things that have happened this week, this is what you must know, and for reasons that will read unquestionable below.
Example:
What has become of fearsome Red Army pride of the Soviet Union and spearheaded an imperial policy under the yoke which he put much of Europe.
The Russian Armed Forces, born on May 7, 1992, have collected his legacy, but before they have time to reorganize and are immersed in the crisis. A crisis of identity, moral, political and economic.
Vb. body of the report: data exposure.
The body of interpretative reporting as pointed out by Abraham Santibanez is an accumulation of facts, statements, opinions of respondents, and all the product of a reporter's work and research, ordered in logical sequence raised in the header.
Example:
Disappointment reigns in all quarters of Russia. Nothing more to recover from his illness, Yeltsin, a longtime Chechnya has returned to drown in vodka.
Occasionally, harangue to the recruits to forget they have empty pockets. The pay of these soldiers, who had already been slowing since 1994, suffered a complete halt after the second round of presidential elections in July last year.
As a result, some 30 000 officers, among which are the best specialists, have resigned within months, according to statistics ..
Vc. Conclusion: Reinforcing the original view
The conclusion of interpretive account directly reconnected with the view of the boot. We must re-assert (not opinions) in an explicit, by appointment, a fact or a statistic, "the approach that has triggered all the interpretive report.
Conclusion: and is understood clearly the interpretive report is a complex unit that must be carefully prepared. In front of the news reporting of the traditional type (which in case of exigencies of space, you can always cut down, according to the inverted pyramid scheme), the interpretive account, everything should be measured and calculated.
So, the task of cutting it is almost as complex and difficult as it longer or the same task of writing.
We recommend the use of 4 tenses: Present perfect tenses, imperfect and pluperfect to give good chronological thread.
Example:
The disaster of the Chechen campaign has tarnished the prestige of the uniform, and left a deep impression the identity of the army.
"People accuse us of having killed thousands of civilians, but why not instead accuse those who have unleashed this senseless civil war? "he says indignantly Guennadi, commander of a tank division.
V. risk of interpretation.
Before leaving this subject, I must make some considerations about the risk in drawing interpretation.
1 - journalistic interpretation corresponds to a different psychological attitude to the opinion and commentary. Interpretation is an essential element of the information, as a documented history of the newspaper. On the contrary, the opinion should be confined almost religiously to the editorial section.
There are three ways of dealing with the media release: The information (through the news report or objective account), interpretation (by means of interpretative reporting) and opinion (which uses of comment).
2 - Clearly, despite the above, that the interpretive report lends the story much better than dishonest manipulation target of the consciences of citizens.
3 - Which is why the journalist makes a kind of demigod interpretive authorized to tell the public what the real meanings of events?
There is only one, "says Santibanez-the same as the doctor makes a kind of demigod with power over life or death of their patients: the professional value of each.
professionally trained journalist, who succeeds again and again in the proper formulation of the views of their interpretive stories, that will have the confidence of its readers.
VI. La Crónica periodística.
Como vimos en el tema del reportaje, de los géneros para la interpretación periodística que se deben encuadrar dentro del marco referencial denominado “mundo del relato”, uno de ellos –el reportaje interpretativo- es de abolengo claramente anglosajón. El otro tiene unas raíces latinas: La Crónica.
Crónica periodística es una narración directa e inmediata of a story with certain elements of value (not opinions) that must always be secondary to the narrative of the event itself. Attempts to reflect what happened between two dates: hence comes its etymological origin in the history of literature.
VIa. The narrative and the rating.
The news story is essentially interpretive and evaluative information for news stories, current or updated, which tells something at the same time it is judged in the text.
is not a pure story because here, in principle, except in exceptional cases the comment is not supported, but reigns short story. There is an interpretive report in-depth, because in this type of reporting does not give the interpretation the reporter, but the elements that contribute to the proper valuation of a fact, not an article, because, unlike the writer, the writer has the unavoidable obligation to inform, to narrate, to tell you something that has happened.
Without news, the Chronicle is no longer journalism to become a historical account or an item values \u200b\u200bof a transcendent fact ... or inconsequential.
The tapered style must be direct and simple, essentially objective, but also must shape the literary personality of the journalist.
A GOOD EXAMPLE, Revista Semana, Colombia:
Lead
At 2:45 pm on Tuesday of last week, under a blazing sun, some inhabitants of the municipality of Nariño Antioquia ran down the street Real, to the lower part of town. When the crowd of people arrived in the square, across from the imposing church of Our Lady of Mercy, there was widespread panic.
Main
The men did not run, nor hide the fear that was etched on their faces. "What? What, "asks someone. "The guerrillas turned guerrilla ..." replied either fleeing from an invisible enemy.
Upon hearing this, the soldiers stood around the church and parish house were strained .. Nozzles raised their rifles toward the sky, quickly unlock and began to walk carefully, stuck to walls, to the main square.
The Nariño watching them through the windows of their homes, barely ajar, thought that the nightmare they had endured for 36 hours last weekend would begin again. One man thought aloud: "Frankly this is not fair."
The final
... The lady squatted on the ruins of what was once his home, destroyed by the car bomb. Dressed a small coat of blue and purple flowers, shaded by a black umbrella, I said, sounding insane, again and again to a man and a boy who poked through the rubble: "The shoes are under the window, no found the shoes, are not shoes, are not shoes, are not the shoes ... "
